Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part (shown in bold) differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 1 to 2.
Question 1.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part (shown in bold) differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions from 1 to 2.
Question 2.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions from 3 to 4.
Question 3.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions from 3 to 4.
Question 4.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 5. Gender stereotypes ____ in schools to promote equality from a young age.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 6. Both men and women should have equal ____ to education and employment.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 7. Online courses are often ____ than traditional classes because you don't have to travel.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 8. Joining the WTO was one of ____ important economic decisions for Viet Nam.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 9. The teacher told us that the final exam ____ the following month.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 10. UNICEF, ____ main purpose is to help children, has offices all over the world.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 11. Many students now use ____ learning apps on their smartphones to study languages.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 12. Viet Nam has actively ____ in many UN peacekeeping activities.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 13. Mai: 'In my opinion, women are better at taking care of children than men.' - Phong: '____. Many men are excellent fathers.'
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 14.
Question 14. David: 'Could you show me how to use this learning software?' - Lan: '____.'
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
Question 15.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
Question 16.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
Question 17.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
Question 18.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19.
Question 19.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements from 20 to 24 is True (T) or False (F).
Have you ever seen a garden on a rooftop in the middle of a big city? This is a form of urban farming, which is the practice of growing food in and around urban areas. It's becoming more popular as cities expand and people look for new ways to get fresh, local produce.
Urban farming can take many forms, from small balcony gardens to large vertical farms inside buildings. One of the biggest advantages is that it reduces 'food miles' – the distance food travels from the farm to your plate. This not only lowers transportation costs but also cuts down on carbon emissions, making it a greener choice.
Question 20. Urban farming only happens on rooftops.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements from 20 to 24 is True (T) or False (F).
Have you ever seen a garden on a rooftop in the middle of a big city? This is a form of urban farming, which is the practice of growing food in and around urban areas. It's becoming more popular as cities expand and people look for new ways to get fresh, local produce.
Urban farming can take many forms, from small balcony gardens to large vertical farms inside buildings. One of the biggest advantages is that it reduces 'food miles' – the distance food travels from the farm to your plate. This not only lowers transportation costs but also cuts down on carbon emissions, making it a greener choice.
Question 21. Reducing 'food miles' is a key benefit of urban farming.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements from 20 to 24 is True (T) or False (F).
Have you ever seen a garden on a rooftop in the middle of a big city? This is a form of urban farming, which is the practice of growing food in and around urban areas. It's becoming more popular as cities expand and people look for new ways to get fresh, local produce.
Urban farming can take many forms, from small balcony gardens to large vertical farms inside buildings. One of the biggest advantages is that it reduces 'food miles' – the distance food travels from the farm to your plate. This not only lowers transportation costs but also cuts down on carbon emissions, making it a greener choice.
Question 22. Urban farms can help make cities cooler and the air cleaner.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements from 20 to 24 is True (T) or False (F).
Have you ever seen a garden on a rooftop in the middle of a big city? This is a form of urban farming, which is the practice of growing food in and around urban areas. It's becoming more popular as cities expand and people look for new ways to get fresh, local produce.
Urban farming can take many forms, from small balcony gardens to large vertical farms inside buildings. One of the biggest advantages is that it reduces 'food miles' – the distance food travels from the farm to your plate. This not only lowers transportation costs but also cuts down on carbon emissions, making it a greener choice.
Question 23. It is always easy and cheap to find space for urban farming.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and decide whether each of the statements from 20 to 24 is True (T) or False (F).
Have you ever seen a garden on a rooftop in the middle of a big city? This is a form of urban farming, which is the practice of growing food in and around urban areas. It's becoming more popular as cities expand and people look for new ways to get fresh, local produce.
Urban farming can take many forms, from small balcony gardens to large vertical farms inside buildings. One of the biggest advantages is that it reduces 'food miles' – the distance food travels from the farm to your plate. This not only lowers transportation costs but also cuts down on carbon emissions, making it a greener choice.
Question 24. All soil in cities is safe for growing food.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 25. What is the main purpose of the passage?
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 26. According to paragraph 2, why is polyester a problem for the environment?
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 27. The word 'disposable' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 28. The word 'who' in paragraph 3 refers to ____.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem with fast fashion?
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 30.
The term 'fast fashion' refers to the business model of producing inexpensive clothing rapidly in response to the latest trends. While it allows consumers to buy fashionable items at low prices, this industry has a significant dark side that is often overlooked.
Second, there are serious social and ethical concerns. To keep prices low, many fast fashion brands manufacture their products in developing countries where labor laws are weak. Workers, who are often women, may be forced to work long hours for extremely low pay in unsafe conditions. It is a system that prioritizes profit over human well-being.
So, what can be done? Consumers are encouraged to be more mindful. This could mean buying fewer, higher-quality items, supporting sustainable brands, or purchasing second-hand clothing. It's about shifting from a culture of disposability to one of sustainability and respect for both the planet and the people who make our clothes.
Question 30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions from 31 to 35.
Question 31. You must complete the application form and submit it by Friday.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions from 31 to 35.
Question 32. My brother said to me, 'I will help you with your project tomorrow.'
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions from 31 to 35.
Question 33. This online course is more interesting than the one I took last year.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions from 31 to 35.
Question 34. 'Where did you go on your holiday last year?' she asked me.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions from 31 to 35.
Question 35. They have provided the victims with food and water.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best COMBINES each pair of sentences, or the correct sentence made from the given cues, in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 36. Mr. Minh is a dedicated teacher. He received an award for his contributions to education.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best COMBINES each pair of sentences, or the correct sentence made from the given cues, in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 37. Viet Nam / become / member / United Nations / 1977.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best COMBINES each pair of sentences, or the correct sentence made from the given cues, in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 38. I read a book about gender equality. It was very informative.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best COMBINES each pair of sentences, or the correct sentence made from the given cues, in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 39. Students / can / improve / their skills / by / use / online learning platforms.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best COMBINES each pair of sentences, or the correct sentence made from the given cues, in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 40. Blended learning offers a lot of flexibility. It requires students to be very self-disciplined.
Đăng ký miễn phí để làm cả 40 câu, AI chấm và phân tích ngay.
When travelling to some parts of the world, you might be surprised by how carefully people use water. In many regions, water is not as abundant as we might think. This issue, known as water scarcity, affects billions of people. It means there isn't (15) ____ fresh water to meet everyone's needs. This can be due to physical shortages, where there's just not enough water naturally, or economic shortages, where a country lacks the infrastructure to get water to its citizens.
As a tourist, you can play a part. For example, taking shorter showers is much (16) ____ than taking long baths. You should also avoid letting the tap run when brushing your teeth. Some hotels have signs (17) ____ remind guests to reuse towels to save water on laundry. Following these simple tips shows respect for the local environment and its people. It's a small change in our habits, (18) ____ it can make a big difference collectively. Ultimately, being a responsible tourist means being mindful of the resources you use, (19) ____ water.
When travelling to some parts of the world, you might be surprised by how carefully people use water. In many regions, water is not as abundant as we might think. This issue, known as water scarcity, affects billions of people. It means there isn't (15) ____ fresh water to meet everyone's needs. This can be due to physical shortages, where there's just not enough water naturally, or economic shortages, where a country lacks the infrastructure to get water to its citizens.
As a tourist, you can play a part. For example, taking shorter showers is much (16) ____ than taking long baths. You should also avoid letting the tap run when brushing your teeth. Some hotels have signs (17) ____ remind guests to reuse towels to save water on laundry. Following these simple tips shows respect for the local environment and its people. It's a small change in our habits, (18) ____ it can make a big difference collectively. Ultimately, being a responsible tourist means being mindful of the resources you use, (19) ____ water.
When travelling to some parts of the world, you might be surprised by how carefully people use water. In many regions, water is not as abundant as we might think. This issue, known as water scarcity, affects billions of people. It means there isn't (15) ____ fresh water to meet everyone's needs. This can be due to physical shortages, where there's just not enough water naturally, or economic shortages, where a country lacks the infrastructure to get water to its citizens.
As a tourist, you can play a part. For example, taking shorter showers is much (16) ____ than taking long baths. You should also avoid letting the tap run when brushing your teeth. Some hotels have signs (17) ____ remind guests to reuse towels to save water on laundry. Following these simple tips shows respect for the local environment and its people. It's a small change in our habits, (18) ____ it can make a big difference collectively. Ultimately, being a responsible tourist means being mindful of the resources you use, (19) ____ water.
When travelling to some parts of the world, you might be surprised by how carefully people use water. In many regions, water is not as abundant as we might think. This issue, known as water scarcity, affects billions of people. It means there isn't (15) ____ fresh water to meet everyone's needs. This can be due to physical shortages, where there's just not enough water naturally, or economic shortages, where a country lacks the infrastructure to get water to its citizens.
As a tourist, you can play a part. For example, taking shorter showers is much (16) ____ than taking long baths. You should also avoid letting the tap run when brushing your teeth. Some hotels have signs (17) ____ remind guests to reuse towels to save water on laundry. Following these simple tips shows respect for the local environment and its people. It's a small change in our habits, (18) ____ it can make a big difference collectively. Ultimately, being a responsible tourist means being mindful of the resources you use, (19) ____ water.
When travelling to some parts of the world, you might be surprised by how carefully people use water. In many regions, water is not as abundant as we might think. This issue, known as water scarcity, affects billions of people. It means there isn't (15) ____ fresh water to meet everyone's needs. This can be due to physical shortages, where there's just not enough water naturally, or economic shortages, where a country lacks the infrastructure to get water to its citizens.
As a tourist, you can play a part. For example, taking shorter showers is much (16) ____ than taking long baths. You should also avoid letting the tap run when brushing your teeth. Some hotels have signs (17) ____ remind guests to reuse towels to save water on laundry. Following these simple tips shows respect for the local environment and its people. It's a small change in our habits, (18) ____ it can make a big difference collectively. Ultimately, being a responsible tourist means being mindful of the resources you use, (19) ____ water.
Furthermore, these city farms can improve food security for urban residents, providing them with access to healthy vegetables and fruits. They also create green spaces, which can help reduce city heat and improve air quality. However, urban farming is not without its challenges. Finding suitable space can be difficult and expensive in a crowded city. Also, soil contamination can be a risk in some urban environments, so farmers must be careful about where and how they grow their crops. Despite these difficulties, the movement continues to grow.
Furthermore, these city farms can improve food security for urban residents, providing them with access to healthy vegetables and fruits. They also create green spaces, which can help reduce city heat and improve air quality. However, urban farming is not without its challenges. Finding suitable space can be difficult and expensive in a crowded city. Also, soil contamination can be a risk in some urban environments, so farmers must be careful about where and how they grow their crops. Despite these difficulties, the movement continues to grow.
Furthermore, these city farms can improve food security for urban residents, providing them with access to healthy vegetables and fruits. They also create green spaces, which can help reduce city heat and improve air quality. However, urban farming is not without its challenges. Finding suitable space can be difficult and expensive in a crowded city. Also, soil contamination can be a risk in some urban environments, so farmers must be careful about where and how they grow their crops. Despite these difficulties, the movement continues to grow.
Furthermore, these city farms can improve food security for urban residents, providing them with access to healthy vegetables and fruits. They also create green spaces, which can help reduce city heat and improve air quality. However, urban farming is not without its challenges. Finding suitable space can be difficult and expensive in a crowded city. Also, soil contamination can be a risk in some urban environments, so farmers must be careful about where and how they grow their crops. Despite these difficulties, the movement continues to grow.
Furthermore, these city farms can improve food security for urban residents, providing them with access to healthy vegetables and fruits. They also create green spaces, which can help reduce city heat and improve air quality. However, urban farming is not without its challenges. Finding suitable space can be difficult and expensive in a crowded city. Also, soil contamination can be a risk in some urban environments, so farmers must be careful about where and how they grow their crops. Despite these difficulties, the movement continues to grow.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.
First, the environmental impact is enormous. Fast fashion relies on cheap, synthetic materials like polyester, which is derived from fossil fuels and is not biodegradable. The production process consumes vast amounts of water and energy, and the dyes used often pollute rivers and streams. Because the clothes are so cheap, people tend to treat them as disposable, leading to massive amounts of textile waste in landfills. A report stated that the average consumer buys 60% more clothing now than they did 15 years ago, but keeps each item for only half as long.