Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 081

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

GREENWOOD HIGH SCHOOL LIBRARY — NEW OPENING HOURS

Starting next Monday, the school library will (1) ____ its opening hours to make more room for after-school study, staying open until 6 p.m. on weekdays. Students (2) ____ finish their homework early are welcome to use the reading corner.

We are also launching a book donation drive. (3) ____ student who wishes to donate used books may drop them off at the front desk, and volunteers will (4) ____ the books by subject before shelving. Please make sure each book is still in good condition (5) ____ handing it in.

(6) ____ you have any questions, please speak to the librarian, Ms. Hoa, during school hours.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

RIVERSIDE SPORTS CLUB — NOW RECRUITING

Riverside Sports Club is looking for new members to join our badminton and swimming teams this season. The club welcomes students (7) ____ have never played before as well as experienced athletes.

Training sessions take place twice a week and are led (8) ____ two qualified coaches. New members must attend (9) ____ induction session before joining regular practice.

Membership is free of (10) ____ for the first month; after that, a small fee helps cover equipment and pool hire. Interested students should (11) ____ up at the sports office by Friday, as places are limited and early applicants stand a (12) ____ chance of being accepted.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In recent years, a number of schools around the world have experimented with a four-day school week, (18) ____. Instead of five shorter days, students attend longer classes from Monday to Thursday and have Friday off.

Supporters argue that the shorter week benefits both students and teachers. Because the extra day allows teachers to plan lessons and grade assignments (19) ____, many report feeling less exhausted and more focused during class time. Students, too, often use the free day to catch up on sleep, pursue hobbies, or spend time with family, (20) ____.

However, critics point out several drawbacks. Working parents may struggle to arrange childcare on the day off, (21) ____. There are also concerns that a longer school day could make it harder for younger children to concentrate, especially in the final lesson of the afternoon.

Whether the four-day week should be adopted more widely (22) ____, since research so far has produced mixed results, with some schools reporting higher test scores and others noticing no real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In recent years, a number of schools around the world have experimented with a four-day school week, (18) ____. Instead of five shorter days, students attend longer classes from Monday to Thursday and have Friday off.

Supporters argue that the shorter week benefits both students and teachers. Because the extra day allows teachers to plan lessons and grade assignments (19) ____, many report feeling less exhausted and more focused during class time. Students, too, often use the free day to catch up on sleep, pursue hobbies, or spend time with family, (20) ____.

However, critics point out several drawbacks. Working parents may struggle to arrange childcare on the day off, (21) ____. There are also concerns that a longer school day could make it harder for younger children to concentrate, especially in the final lesson of the afternoon.

Whether the four-day week should be adopted more widely (22) ____, since research so far has produced mixed results, with some schools reporting higher test scores and others noticing no real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In recent years, a number of schools around the world have experimented with a four-day school week, (18) ____. Instead of five shorter days, students attend longer classes from Monday to Thursday and have Friday off.

Supporters argue that the shorter week benefits both students and teachers. Because the extra day allows teachers to plan lessons and grade assignments (19) ____, many report feeling less exhausted and more focused during class time. Students, too, often use the free day to catch up on sleep, pursue hobbies, or spend time with family, (20) ____.

However, critics point out several drawbacks. Working parents may struggle to arrange childcare on the day off, (21) ____. There are also concerns that a longer school day could make it harder for younger children to concentrate, especially in the final lesson of the afternoon.

Whether the four-day week should be adopted more widely (22) ____, since research so far has produced mixed results, with some schools reporting higher test scores and others noticing no real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In recent years, a number of schools around the world have experimented with a four-day school week, (18) ____. Instead of five shorter days, students attend longer classes from Monday to Thursday and have Friday off.

Supporters argue that the shorter week benefits both students and teachers. Because the extra day allows teachers to plan lessons and grade assignments (19) ____, many report feeling less exhausted and more focused during class time. Students, too, often use the free day to catch up on sleep, pursue hobbies, or spend time with family, (20) ____.

However, critics point out several drawbacks. Working parents may struggle to arrange childcare on the day off, (21) ____. There are also concerns that a longer school day could make it harder for younger children to concentrate, especially in the final lesson of the afternoon.

Whether the four-day week should be adopted more widely (22) ____, since research so far has produced mixed results, with some schools reporting higher test scores and others noticing no real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

In recent years, a number of schools around the world have experimented with a four-day school week, (18) ____. Instead of five shorter days, students attend longer classes from Monday to Thursday and have Friday off.

Supporters argue that the shorter week benefits both students and teachers. Because the extra day allows teachers to plan lessons and grade assignments (19) ____, many report feeling less exhausted and more focused during class time. Students, too, often use the free day to catch up on sleep, pursue hobbies, or spend time with family, (20) ____.

However, critics point out several drawbacks. Working parents may struggle to arrange childcare on the day off, (21) ____. There are also concerns that a longer school day could make it harder for younger children to concentrate, especially in the final lesson of the afternoon.

Whether the four-day week should be adopted more widely (22) ____, since research so far has produced mixed results, with some schools reporting higher test scores and others noticing no real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

Walking through the narrow streets of most Vietnamese cities today, it is hard to find a patch of soil that has not been paved over. This is exactly why I believe vertical gardens deserve far more attention than they currently receive. A vertical garden is simply a wall, fence, or building façade covered with living plants, often supported by a lightweight frame and an automated watering system. In a city where land is scarce and expensive, growing upward rather than outward makes a great deal of sense.

The benefits go well beyond decoration. Plant-covered walls absorb sunlight instead of reflecting it back onto the street, which can lower the surrounding temperature by several degrees during the hottest months. They also trap dust and other airborne particles, so the air around a vertical garden is noticeably cleaner than the air a few streets away. Beyond the physical effects, many residents say that simply looking at a green wall on their way to work lifts their mood, and some office buildings with vertical gardens report that staff take fewer sick days than before the plants were installed.

Of course, vertical gardens are not without their problems. Installing the irrigation pipes, drainage layers, and support structure can cost several times more than planting a garden at ground level, and the system needs regular maintenance to stop the plants from drying out or rotting. Because of this expense, most of the vertical gardens built so far belong to hotels, shopping malls, or corporate offices rather than ordinary households. Without some form of financial support, this green technology risks remaining a luxury that only wealthy building owners can afford.

Even so, I remain convinced that vertical gardens are worth the investment. If city governments offered subsidies or technical training to residents, the same walls that now trap heat and dust could instead become part of the solution. A city covered in green walls would not only look better, it would also be a healthier place to live.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

The English word "career" comes from the French carrière, itself derived from the Latin word for a racecourse, a straight, fixed track along which chariots ran from start to finish. For centuries, this image captured almost exactly how people thought about their working lives: a single, well-defined path chosen early and followed, ideally without interruption, until retirement. A blacksmith's son became a blacksmith, a farmer's daughter married into farming, and a young clerk who joined a company at eighteen might reasonably expect to retire from the very same desk four decades later. This pattern gave people a strong sense of stability, but it also left little room for change.

The Industrial Revolution began to complicate this picture. As factories, railways, and large corporations grew during the nineteenth century, entirely new professions appeared, from engineers to accountants to office managers, and with them came the modern idea of a career ladder. Workers were expected to climb steadily upward within a single organisation, gaining seniority, salary, and status step by step. By the mid-twentieth century, especially in large manufacturing and government institutions, a "job for life" was widely seen not just as realistic but as the very definition of a successful working life.

[I] From the 1970s onward, however, this model began to break down. [II] Economic downturns forced many large companies to lay off long-serving employees who had never expected to look for work again, shattering the assumption of guaranteed lifetime employment. [III] At the same time, rapid advances in computing and, later, the internet made entire job categories disappear within a single generation while creating others that had not existed before. [IV] Globalisation added further pressure, as companies increasingly moved production and even skilled services to wherever costs were lowest, forcing workers everywhere to adapt or retrain.

Today, many career counsellors argue that the straight racecourse implied by the original Latin word is no longer a useful metaphor at all. A more accurate picture is a winding trail that branches repeatedly, with workers moving between employers, industries, and even entirely different fields several times before they retire. Freelancing platforms, remote work, and the so-called gig economy have made it normal, rather than shameful, to hold a portfolio of several part-time roles instead of one full-time job. For young people entering the workforce now, the most valuable skill may not be loyalty to a single employer but the ability to keep learning and adapt to work that does not yet exist.