Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 092

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

Course highlights:

• Small classes with no more than twelve students, so every learner gets plenty (2) ____ attention.
• Friendly, (3) ____ teachers who have more than ten years of classroom experience.
• A free placement test, (4) ____ takes about fifteen minutes, helps you find the right level.
• Lessons that combine speaking and listening skills (5) ____ practical exam techniques.
• Early applicants who (6) ____ before 1 June will receive a 15% discount on the course fee.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

What you get:

• Live classes hosted (8) ____ Zoom every Tuesday and Thursday evening.
• A study group (9) ____ members support each other and share study tips.
• Weekly writing tasks (10) ____ by a certified examiner and returned with feedback within 48 hours.
• Access to a mobile app so you can (11) ____ up on missed lessons at any time.
• Every learner who completes the eight-week programme will receive (12) ____ certificate of completion.

Question 14. a. As a result, city planners are now investing in green spaces and public transport to make urban life more sustainable.
b. More and more people are moving from the countryside to cities in search of better jobs and education.
c. However, this rapid urbanisation often leads to overcrowding, traffic congestion and pollution.
d. Urbanisation is one of the most noticeable trends of the twenty-first century.

Question 16. a. One popular way to keep learning is to take short online courses in a new skill or subject.
b. Lifelong learning means continuing to gain knowledge and skills throughout one's life, not just during school years.
c. Whichever method people choose, staying curious keeps the mind active and opens up new opportunities.
d. Others prefer joining community classes or reading widely on topics that interest them.

Question 17. a. For example, sharing meals or festivals from different backgrounds helps people understand each other better.
b. Living in a multicultural society means being surrounded by people of different nationalities, languages and traditions.
c. This exposure can bring both benefits and challenges.
d. On the other hand, misunderstandings can arise when people are not aware of cultural differences.
e. In the end, respect and open communication are the keys to living happily in a diverse community.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

A recent study conducted by researchers at a Vietnamese university examined how mobile applications affect the way teenagers learn foreign languages. The team followed more than six hundred students aged fourteen to eighteen over one school year, tracking both the time they spent on language apps and their scores on standardised English tests. The results suggest that the benefits of these apps depend heavily on how consistently students use them, rather than on which app they choose.

According to the report, students who opened their app for at least fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, improved their vocabulary scores by an average of eighteen percent. In contrast, students who used the same app irregularly, sometimes skipping a whole week, showed almost no measurable improvement, even though they had installed the same features such as flashcards, pronunciation practice and grammar games. The researchers noted that short, frequent sessions seemed to help information move from short-term to long-term memory more effectively than occasional long sessions.

Interestingly, the study also found that students who combined app-based practice with real conversation, whether with classmates or online tutors, made the fastest progress of all. This group not only scored higher on vocabulary tests but also reported feeling more confident speaking in class. The researchers believe that apps work best as a supplement to human interaction rather than as a replacement for it, since apps alone cannot fully develop a learner's listening and speaking skills.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.

Setting up a zero-waste shop is far from simple. [I] Owners must first find suppliers willing to deliver goods in large, reusable containers rather than single-use packaging. [II] Staff then weigh each container before it is filled, so that customers pay only for the weight of the product itself, not the container. [III] Prices are often calculated using a small digital scale placed near the till, and a running list keeps track of how many kilograms of waste the shop has prevented that month. [IV] Many owners say this bookkeeping is almost as demanding as running the shop itself.

Supporters argue that these shops do more than reduce plastic waste. Because there is almost no packaging, zero-waste shops also push customers to think more carefully about how much they actually consume, since buying in bulk makes overbuying obvious. A shopper who once bought a large bag of rice out of habit might now measure out only enough for the week, cutting down on food waste as well as plastic waste. Several shop owners report that regular customers gradually change other habits too, from carrying a reusable coffee cup to repairing clothes instead of replacing them.

Even so, zero-waste shops face real obstacles. Their products are frequently more expensive than packaged alternatives, since buying from ethical, small-scale suppliers costs more than buying in mass quantities from large factories. The shops also depend on customers who are willing to plan ahead, remembering to bring their own containers rather than shopping on impulse. For many busy families, this extra effort can feel inconvenient, and some shop owners admit that convenience, not cost, is the biggest barrier to bringing in new, first-time customers.