Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 101

Question 15. a. "As a result, the amount of plastic waste in the canteen has dropped noticeably."
b. "Last month, our school launched a campaign to encourage students to reduce plastic waste."
c. "For example, colourful bins were placed around the campus to separate recyclable and non-recyclable rubbish."
d. "Several measures were introduced to support this campaign."
e. "This shows that small changes in daily habits can bring about real environmental benefits."

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

Over the past decade, podcasts have quietly transformed the way people consume information and entertainment. What began as a niche hobby for a handful of enthusiasts has grown into a global industry, with millions of episodes covering everything from true crime to language learning. Unlike traditional radio, podcasts allow listeners to choose exactly what they want to hear and when they want to hear it, a flexibility that has proved especially appealing to busy commuters and multitaskers.

One of the main reasons for this growth is accessibility. Anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can now listen to a podcast while cooking, exercising or travelling, without needing to sit in front of a screen. Because production costs are relatively low, almost anyone with a microphone and a story to tell can start a show, which has opened the door to voices that mainstream media might otherwise overlook. Independent creators, in particular, have used podcasts to build loyal audiences around specialised topics that larger broadcasters would consider too niche to cover.

However, this rapid expansion has also created challenges. With so many shows competing for attention, standing out has become increasingly difficult, and many promising podcasts disappear after only a few episodes simply because they fail to find an audience. Advertisers, too, have had to adapt, since measuring a podcast's real impact is far less straightforward than tracking clicks on a website. Some networks have responded by investing heavily in a small number of flagship shows rather than spreading their resources thinly across dozens of smaller productions.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.

The Mekong Delta, Vietnam's leading agricultural region, is increasingly recognised as a promising site for renewable energy development. Blessed with abundant sunshine, strong coastal winds and thousands of kilometres of waterways, the delta offers natural conditions that few other regions in the country can match. In recent years, both the government and private investors have turned their attention to this potential, hoping to diversify the national energy mix while reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Solar power has expanded particularly fast across the delta's provinces. [I] Vast stretches of land that were once considered unsuitable for farming, owing to poor soil quality or seasonal flooding, have been repurposed to host solar farms. [II] Several of these projects also combine agriculture and energy production, allowing farmers to raise shrimp or grow shade-tolerant crops beneath elevated solar panels. [III] This dual-use model, often referred to as agrivoltaics, has attracted growing interest because it allows landowners to earn income from both activities at once. [IV] As a result, solar capacity in the region has grown far more quickly than initial government projections anticipated.

Wind energy has also gained momentum, particularly along the delta's coastline. Offshore and near-shore wind farms benefit from consistent wind speeds that are rare elsewhere in Vietnam. Because these projects are located far from residential areas, they generate relatively little noise or visual disturbance for nearby communities, a factor that has helped reduce local opposition compared with projects built closer to inhabited areas. Several provinces, including Bac Lieu and Soc Trang, have already become notable centres of wind power production, drawing both domestic and foreign investment.

Nevertheless, the rapid growth of renewable energy in the delta has not been without difficulties. The regional power grid, originally designed for a much smaller and steadier supply, has struggled to absorb the sudden surge in electricity generated on sunny or windy days. In some cases, solar farms have had their output curtailed simply because the grid could not transmit the excess power elsewhere. Land-use conflicts have also emerged, as some communities argue that large-scale solar and wind projects compete with agriculture and aquaculture for increasingly scarce space, especially in a region already affected by saltwater intrusion and land subsidence.