Làm thử Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT · Tiếng Anh · Đề 115

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE FLU VACCINATION WEEK

The Ward Health Centre is offering free flu jabs to (1) ____ elderly residents and anyone with a long-term health condition.

The vaccine takes (2) ____ within two weeks, so book early if you plan to travel this winter.

No appointment is (3) ____; just walk in between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. from Monday to Friday.

Staff (4) ____ run the sessions are fully trained nurses, and all doses are stored under strict temperature control.

Please bring your ID card so we can update your records (5) ____ delay.

For more information, please drop (6) ____ at the front desk or call the number below.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Read the following notice/advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

POOL SAFETY RULES

Please shower before you enter the pool so that chlorine levels stay (7) ____ control.

Children (8) ____ are under eight must be accompanied by an adult at all times.

Diving is not permitted (9) ____ the deep end, where the water is marked 2.5 metres.

Lifeguards on duty carry out safety checks (10) ____, usually every thirty minutes.

Running around the poolside is strictly forbidden, (11) ____ the tiles become extremely slippery when wet.

If you feel unwell, please get (12) ____ of the pool immediately and inform a lifeguard.

Question 15. a. "I have completed a first-aid course and have experience monitoring animal behaviour from a school project last year."
b. "Yours sincerely, Minh"
c. "Dear Ms. Tran,"
d. "I am writing to apply for the volunteer position with the coastal turtle conservation project."
e. "I would be grateful for the chance to discuss my application further."

Question 16. a. "Local authorities are now investing in public transport to ease the pressure."
b. "As a result, many rural workers have moved to urban areas in search of jobs."
c. "Whether these measures will keep pace with the speed of urban growth remains to be seen."
d. "Cities across Vietnam have grown rapidly over the past two decades."
e. "This shift has brought both opportunities and challenges, such as overcrowded housing and traffic congestion."

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

I used to think that food waste was mostly a problem for supermarkets and households, until I spent a summer working in the kitchen of a busy restaurant. (18) ____, and by the end of each shift the bins were nearly full of scraps, trimmings and untouched plates.

At first, I assumed most of the waste came from customers who ordered too much and could not finish their meals. (19) ____, chefs threw away perfectly good vegetable peels, and portions were prepared according to a fixed recipe rather than a diner's actual appetite.

One evening, the head chef asked me to track everything that went into the bin for a week. (20) ____, I realised that nearly a third of it could have been avoided with better planning. Vegetables were often over-ordered because suppliers offered discounts on bulk purchases, and staff (21) ____ tended to prepare more food than necessary during quiet periods, just in case a rush of customers arrived.

Since then, the restaurant has introduced a simple system: portions are now weighed more carefully, and leftover ingredients (22) ____ are turned into a daily staff soup instead of being thrown out. Food waste has dropped noticeably, proving that small changes in habit can make a real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

I used to think that food waste was mostly a problem for supermarkets and households, until I spent a summer working in the kitchen of a busy restaurant. (18) ____, and by the end of each shift the bins were nearly full of scraps, trimmings and untouched plates.

At first, I assumed most of the waste came from customers who ordered too much and could not finish their meals. (19) ____, chefs threw away perfectly good vegetable peels, and portions were prepared according to a fixed recipe rather than a diner's actual appetite.

One evening, the head chef asked me to track everything that went into the bin for a week. (20) ____, I realised that nearly a third of it could have been avoided with better planning. Vegetables were often over-ordered because suppliers offered discounts on bulk purchases, and staff (21) ____ tended to prepare more food than necessary during quiet periods, just in case a rush of customers arrived.

Since then, the restaurant has introduced a simple system: portions are now weighed more carefully, and leftover ingredients (22) ____ are turned into a daily staff soup instead of being thrown out. Food waste has dropped noticeably, proving that small changes in habit can make a real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

I used to think that food waste was mostly a problem for supermarkets and households, until I spent a summer working in the kitchen of a busy restaurant. (18) ____, and by the end of each shift the bins were nearly full of scraps, trimmings and untouched plates.

At first, I assumed most of the waste came from customers who ordered too much and could not finish their meals. (19) ____, chefs threw away perfectly good vegetable peels, and portions were prepared according to a fixed recipe rather than a diner's actual appetite.

One evening, the head chef asked me to track everything that went into the bin for a week. (20) ____, I realised that nearly a third of it could have been avoided with better planning. Vegetables were often over-ordered because suppliers offered discounts on bulk purchases, and staff (21) ____ tended to prepare more food than necessary during quiet periods, just in case a rush of customers arrived.

Since then, the restaurant has introduced a simple system: portions are now weighed more carefully, and leftover ingredients (22) ____ are turned into a daily staff soup instead of being thrown out. Food waste has dropped noticeably, proving that small changes in habit can make a real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

I used to think that food waste was mostly a problem for supermarkets and households, until I spent a summer working in the kitchen of a busy restaurant. (18) ____, and by the end of each shift the bins were nearly full of scraps, trimmings and untouched plates.

At first, I assumed most of the waste came from customers who ordered too much and could not finish their meals. (19) ____, chefs threw away perfectly good vegetable peels, and portions were prepared according to a fixed recipe rather than a diner's actual appetite.

One evening, the head chef asked me to track everything that went into the bin for a week. (20) ____, I realised that nearly a third of it could have been avoided with better planning. Vegetables were often over-ordered because suppliers offered discounts on bulk purchases, and staff (21) ____ tended to prepare more food than necessary during quiet periods, just in case a rush of customers arrived.

Since then, the restaurant has introduced a simple system: portions are now weighed more carefully, and leftover ingredients (22) ____ are turned into a daily staff soup instead of being thrown out. Food waste has dropped noticeably, proving that small changes in habit can make a real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

I used to think that food waste was mostly a problem for supermarkets and households, until I spent a summer working in the kitchen of a busy restaurant. (18) ____, and by the end of each shift the bins were nearly full of scraps, trimmings and untouched plates.

At first, I assumed most of the waste came from customers who ordered too much and could not finish their meals. (19) ____, chefs threw away perfectly good vegetable peels, and portions were prepared according to a fixed recipe rather than a diner's actual appetite.

One evening, the head chef asked me to track everything that went into the bin for a week. (20) ____, I realised that nearly a third of it could have been avoided with better planning. Vegetables were often over-ordered because suppliers offered discounts on bulk purchases, and staff (21) ____ tended to prepare more food than necessary during quiet periods, just in case a rush of customers arrived.

Since then, the restaurant has introduced a simple system: portions are now weighed more carefully, and leftover ingredients (22) ____ are turned into a daily staff soup instead of being thrown out. Food waste has dropped noticeably, proving that small changes in habit can make a real difference.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 23 to 30.

For decades, water scarcity was treated as a distant problem, something that affected only the driest corners of the planet. That assumption no longer holds. Today, more than two billion people live in countries where water supplies are under serious strain, and the number is expected to rise as populations grow and rainfall patterns become less predictable. What was once a regional concern has become a global one, and it deserves far more attention than it currently receives.

Several factors lie behind this trend. Agriculture alone consumes about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, much of it through inefficient irrigation systems that lose enormous volumes to evaporation and leakage. Rapid urban growth adds further pressure, as cities expand faster than the infrastructure needed to supply them. Climate change compounds the problem: rising temperatures intensify droughts in some regions while triggering unusually heavy rainfall in others, making water resources harder to plan around than ever before.

The consequences reach far beyond a dry tap. In areas where water is scarce, families often walk long distances each day simply to collect enough for cooking and washing, a burden that falls disproportionately on women and girls and keeps many out of school. When water becomes scarce enough, competition for it can even push neighbouring communities toward open conflict. Public health also suffers, since limited access to clean water makes it far harder to control the spread of disease.

None of this is inevitable. Governments can invest in modern irrigation, repair leaking pipes, and price water in ways that discourage waste without punishing the poor. Ordinary households, too, can play a part by fixing dripping taps and choosing water-efficient appliances. The real obstacle is not a lack of solutions but a lack of urgency. Until water scarcity is treated as the emergency it already is, progress will remain painfully slow.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 40.

Summer in many cities now feels different from summer in the surrounding countryside. On the hottest days, urban neighbourhoods can be several degrees warmer than nearby rural areas, a phenomenon scientists call the urban heat island effect. As heat waves grow more frequent and more intense across the world, this gap between city and countryside temperatures has become a serious public health concern rather than a mere inconvenience.

The causes are largely man-made. Concrete, asphalt and glass absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly as heat well into the night, preventing cities from cooling down the way open land does. Tall buildings trap warm air between them and block the breezes that might otherwise clear it away. Meanwhile, millions of air conditioners, vehicles and factories pump additional heat directly into the surrounding air, adding to a cycle that is difficult to break.

The human cost of this trend is considerable. [I] Elderly residents, young children and people with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable to extreme heat, since their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively. [II] Hospitals in several major cities have reported sharp increases in heat-related admissions during recent summers. [III] Low-income neighbourhoods, which often have fewer trees and less access to air conditioning, tend to suffer the worst effects. [IV] Outdoor workers, including construction labourers and street vendors, face similar risks because they cannot easily escape the midday sun.

Fortunately, cities are not powerless against rising temperatures. Planting trees along streets and expanding public parks can lower local temperatures by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Reflective or light-coloured roofing materials bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of absorbing it, keeping buildings noticeably cooler. Some cities have gone further by redesigning entire neighbourhoods around shaded walkways and open water features, cutting local temperatures by several degrees during peak summer months. These measures are not cheap, but the cost of inaction, measured in hospital visits and lost productivity, is likely to be far higher.

Ultimately, adapting cities to a hotter climate will require sustained investment and long-term planning rather than emergency responses during each new heat wave. The neighbourhoods that act early, by greening their streets and rethinking their building materials, are likely to fare far better than those that wait until the next record-breaking summer forces their hand.