Làm thử Tốt nghiệp THPT 2025 · Tiếng Anh · Mã đề 1141

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving.

Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.

Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

(Adapted from The business of tourism)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving.

Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.

Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

(Adapted from The business of tourism)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving.

Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.

Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

(Adapted from The business of tourism)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving.

Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.

Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

(Adapted from The business of tourism)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of products, (1) ______. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ______, for the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This is known as limited problem solving.

Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over time. (3) ______. Also, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination in the past may opt for the same experience again.

Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ______. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ______, where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers particularly.

(Adapted from The business of tourism)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

How to Live Your Life Actively?

If you are not naturally sporty, and finding ways to fit more activity into your daily life, here are several tips to help you make a routine (6) ______ being active:

• Select a realistic exercise plan.
• Track your progress using a health app (7) ______ a paper checklist.
• Take every opportunity to do such strength-building activities as carrying (8) ______ and climbing the stairs.
• Invite friends and (9) ______ family members to join in, and try (10) ______ everyone's competitive side with challenges like seeing who can do the most steps or cover the most distance in a day.
• Reward yourself with a treat like a favourite TV show if your plan works (11) ______ to maintain your motivation.

(Adapted from https://www.nhs.uk)

(Bên phải tờ rơi có một hình minh họa: bàn tay ngửa nâng một trái tim, quanh trái tim là các tia sáng ngắn. Hình chỉ để trang trí, không chứa thông tin cần cho việc trả lời.)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 – A Landmark Cultural Event

Taking place from July 25th to 29th at the International Centre for Exhibition in Hanoi, the Vietnam International Art Exhibition 2025 will showcase over 100 famous galleries (12) ______ are derived from global art capitals alongside Vietnam's (13) ______ art institutions.

Visitors will gain exposure to a wide (14) ______ of oil paintings, sculptures, digital art, and mixed media, blending traditional and contemporary styles. The event will also feature live art demonstrations and insightful discussions (15) ______ by famous artists and curators, offering a deeper understanding of modern artistic trends.

This exhibition is a unique opportunity for (16) ______, investors, and art enthusiasts to discover emerging talents and (17) ______ some artworks. Don't miss this incredible celebration of artistic expression!

For more information, visit https://vniae.com/.

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 18 to 22.

Question 18.

a. I had to burn the midnight oil to make engaging lesson plans, expecting to capture my students' attention.
b. The reality, however, was not what I had expected when I completely failed to keep the class under control despite shouting loudly.
c. This valuable experience was indeed memorable and made me more confident in my career of choice.
d. Working as an intern at a local high school encouraged me to pursue a teaching career, a demanding yet rewarding one.
e. Instead of giving up, I reflected on what I had done and made improvements in the following lessons.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 18 to 22.

Question 19.

a. David: I used to, but now I use social media and news apps.
b. Lisa: Same here! It's more convenient, but I think traditional newspapers have their own charm.
c. Lisa: Do you still read newspapers?
d. Lisa: I believe each type has its own value that we can make full use of.
e. David: You're right. They fill us with nostalgia that's hard to replace.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 18 to 22.

Question 20.

a. Tom: Then, text me when you're home.
b. Tom: It's getting late. Would you like me to give you a lift home?
c. Mary: Thanks, but I'm going to walk to the supermarket and then take a bus home.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 18 to 22.

Question 21.

a. The developments demonstrate a clear modernisation of the city of Paragon, transforming it from a primarily residential locality into a more diverse and economically vibrant area.
b. This shift was further evidenced by the industrialisation of the surrounding agricultural land, with the appearance of some plants and factories.
c. Residential areas were noticeably transformed, with the replacement of established terraced housing with new dwellings and the relocation of the original park.
d. Simultaneously, a significant expansion of commercial infrastructure took place, most prominently with the construction of a large supermarket and an accompanying car park where housing once stood.
e. Between 2000 and 2015, the outskirts of Paragon city underwent a dramatic reshaping, indicating a move towards urban regeneration and increased commercial activity.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 18 to 22.

Question 22.

Dear Ms Smith,

a. This has been pre-approved, but you need to have this letter and your identification card produced at the nearest branch to apply.
b. The offer is exclusive and expires on December 31st.
c. Your application will be processed, and your card will be issued within 48 hours for immediate use.
d. It is our honour to offer you credit facilities of $6000, affordable with the monthly instalment of $99.
e. Should you require further details, please call 0123888888, or visit any of our branches.

Yours sincerely,
ABC Bank

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The concept of project farming, where farmers come together to collaborate on large-scale agricultural projects, has gained significant traction, and modern technology keeps this collaboration on track. Advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, drones, and data analytics are used to optimise agricultural practices. Additionally, the collected real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant growth enables farmers to accelerate the decision-making process that maximises productivity while minimising resource wastage.

GPS technology allows farmers to precisely map out their fields and create customised planting plans. This ensures that seeds are sown at optimal locations based on soil characteristics and previous yield data. By avoiding areas with poor fertility, farmers can increase their overall crop yield. Camera traps provide advance warnings of insects, so farmers do not have to treat the whole field. This, therefore, helps curb chemical runoff and save money for every party involved in the project.

Technology also plays a vital role in optimising irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture. Specialised equipment reports dryness hour by hour, and weather apps forecast rain for the week ahead. Automated valves give each zone exactly the water it needs and pause when clouds are approaching. This cuts pumping costs and protects groundwater while keeping the crop healthy. On dry continents, such savings keep projects economically viable.

The digital trail does not stop at the farm gate. Cloud platforms let project farmers, processors, and truck drivers input harvest weights, storage temperatures, and delivery times the moment they change, while blockchain records freeze each entry so customers can trust it. Analytic tools combine seasons of records to forecast demand, spot price opportunities, and mark weak points in the workflow. This allows project farmers to anticipate market demand, exploit resource allocation, and plan for potential challenges.

(Adapted from https://www.consumersearch.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Question 39. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Yet greenwashing is arguably more insidious.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business model. Hiring an expert agency to splash "carbon-neutral" or "net-zero" across products is far easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.

Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell "carbon-neutral" flights, filling stations boast about "net-zero" fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far beyond traditional marketing channels.

The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science, but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources, and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false eco-claims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now backfires, the industry has swapped denial for "green" paint. Press releases trumpet potential renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.

Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.

(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?