Làm thử Đề khảo sát chất lượng THPT lần 1 năm học 2025 - 2026 · Tiếng Anh · Cụm 13 trường THPT Hải Phòng

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. FIFA World Cup 2026: More Than Just Football The FIFA World Cup returns this summer for its 23rd edition, (1) _______ football on the world stage in an unprecedented way. (2) _______ the first time, 48 teams will compete across three host countries: the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The tournament will (3) _______ on June 11 at the historic Estadio Azteca and finish on July 19 in New Jersey. Across one month, 104 matches will bring people together in (4) _______ dynamic cities. Beyond the games, host cities will organize cultural festivals, fan zones, concerts, and food markets that (5) _______ local and international traditions. These cultural experiences may even (6) _______ the show, helping fans connect beyond language and borders. By combining sport, culture, and community, this World Cup promises a once-in-a-lifetime experience that celebrates unity, diversity and the global spirit of football.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STAY SAFE ONLINE: A QUICK SECURITY GUIDE Why Protection Matters Your computer's security is your first (7) _______ of defense against malware such as viruses and spyware. (8) _______ scans your system, identifies known threats, and removes them safely. (9) _______, without regular updates, even the best software can become a ticking time bomb, unable to recognise new attacks. Firewalls at Work A firewall, either hardware or software, (10) _______ all internet traffic entering and leaving your device. It blocks unauthorized (11) _______, stopping malware before it completes its task. Smart User Habits Always look out for emails from unknown senders. Suspicious links or attachments may cause your device (12) _______ malware without your knowledge—delete them immediately. Remember, better safe than sorry.

a. Smith: Yes, I’ve started cycling to work because it reduces my carbon footprint and keeps me fit. b. Peter: I agree, maybe I should start cycling occasionally instead of always relying on public transport. c. Peter: That’s impressive! I usually take the electric bus, which is convenient and much cleaner than regular buses. d. Peter: Have you considered using more eco-friendly transportation recently? e. Smith: True, but I think biking is even better for the environment and it gives more freedom in traffic.

Question 13.

a. Whenever a method didn’t work, I adjusted my learning strategies to keep making steady progress. b. I created a strict study schedule, reviewed my notes every day, so I wouldn’t sweep my weaknesses under the rug. c. Over the past semester, I have made significant efforts to improve my academic performance, even when it meant going the extra mile. d. Thanks to this consistent commitment, I can now see clear improvements in both my understanding of the subjects and my overall confidence. e. Managing schoolwork alongside other responsibilities was often very challenging, but I strived to stay focused.

Question 14.

Dear Sir/Madam, a. In addition, I am interested in whether participants need any specific materials or prior experience. b. I am reaching out to request more information about your upcoming life skills course. c. Could you please also provide details about the enrollment process and important deadlines? d. I would like to know the course schedule, fees, and the main topics covered, especially those related to communication, time management, and decision-making. e. I would appreciate your assistance and look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, Harry Kewell

Question 15.

a. Consequently, professionals increasingly seek careers in knowledge-intensive sectors, where adaptability, creative problem-solving, and cross-disciplinary skills are essential. b. Against this backdrop of labour market transformation, new graduates face heightened competition, requiring a combination of technological competence and strong interpersonal skills. c. This shift has led to a decline in labour demand in traditional sectors like manufacturing and retail, where routine tasks are increasingly automated. d. At the same time, the rise of remote work and the gig economy has reshaped perceptions of job security, encouraging individuals to pursue diversified career paths and engage in continuous learning. e. Employment patterns have shifted dramatically over the past decade due to rapid technological innovation and globalisation.

Question 16.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Although I left university with a solid academic record, the transition into the professional world proved far more challenging than I had anticipated. (18) ______. Eventually, I realised that idealism was a luxury I could no longer afford. Faced with the prospect of serious economic hardship, (19) ______: a position as a market research telephone interviewer. What I assumed would be a temporary solution soon became a prolonged and emotionally demanding experience. The company's expectations became clear even before my first official day of work. I was required to complete three full days of training without receiving any payment, a condition I found questionable but reluctantly accepted. I justified this decision by focusing on the relatively high hourly wage and (20) ______. Nevertheless, the training itself offered little meaningful preparation. In retrospect, it served less as professional development and more as an introduction to a culture (21) ______. The working environment was highly restrictive and closely monitored. Approximately twenty interviewers were confined to narrow, poorly lit booths equipped with outdated technology. Supervisors sat at the centre of the room, silently listening to calls and enforcing strict rules. Any pause between calls (22) ______, and interaction between colleagues was strictly forbidden. Even personal needs, such as visiting the toilet, required formal permission. As a result, time seemed to slow down dramatically, particularly during the long hours before scheduled breaks, creating a constant sense of fatigue and frustration.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Although I left university with a solid academic record, the transition into the professional world proved far more challenging than I had anticipated. (18) ______. Eventually, I realised that idealism was a luxury I could no longer afford. Faced with the prospect of serious economic hardship, (19) ______: a position as a market research telephone interviewer. What I assumed would be a temporary solution soon became a prolonged and emotionally demanding experience. The company's expectations became clear even before my first official day of work. I was required to complete three full days of training without receiving any payment, a condition I found questionable but reluctantly accepted. I justified this decision by focusing on the relatively high hourly wage and (20) ______. Nevertheless, the training itself offered little meaningful preparation. In retrospect, it served less as professional development and more as an introduction to a culture (21) ______. The working environment was highly restrictive and closely monitored. Approximately twenty interviewers were confined to narrow, poorly lit booths equipped with outdated technology. Supervisors sat at the centre of the room, silently listening to calls and enforcing strict rules. Any pause between calls (22) ______, and interaction between colleagues was strictly forbidden. Even personal needs, such as visiting the toilet, required formal permission. As a result, time seemed to slow down dramatically, particularly during the long hours before scheduled breaks, creating a constant sense of fatigue and frustration.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Although I left university with a solid academic record, the transition into the professional world proved far more challenging than I had anticipated. (18) ______. Eventually, I realised that idealism was a luxury I could no longer afford. Faced with the prospect of serious economic hardship, (19) ______: a position as a market research telephone interviewer. What I assumed would be a temporary solution soon became a prolonged and emotionally demanding experience. The company's expectations became clear even before my first official day of work. I was required to complete three full days of training without receiving any payment, a condition I found questionable but reluctantly accepted. I justified this decision by focusing on the relatively high hourly wage and (20) ______. Nevertheless, the training itself offered little meaningful preparation. In retrospect, it served less as professional development and more as an introduction to a culture (21) ______. The working environment was highly restrictive and closely monitored. Approximately twenty interviewers were confined to narrow, poorly lit booths equipped with outdated technology. Supervisors sat at the centre of the room, silently listening to calls and enforcing strict rules. Any pause between calls (22) ______, and interaction between colleagues was strictly forbidden. Even personal needs, such as visiting the toilet, required formal permission. As a result, time seemed to slow down dramatically, particularly during the long hours before scheduled breaks, creating a constant sense of fatigue and frustration.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Although I left university with a solid academic record, the transition into the professional world proved far more challenging than I had anticipated. (18) ______. Eventually, I realised that idealism was a luxury I could no longer afford. Faced with the prospect of serious economic hardship, (19) ______: a position as a market research telephone interviewer. What I assumed would be a temporary solution soon became a prolonged and emotionally demanding experience. The company's expectations became clear even before my first official day of work. I was required to complete three full days of training without receiving any payment, a condition I found questionable but reluctantly accepted. I justified this decision by focusing on the relatively high hourly wage and (20) ______. Nevertheless, the training itself offered little meaningful preparation. In retrospect, it served less as professional development and more as an introduction to a culture (21) ______. The working environment was highly restrictive and closely monitored. Approximately twenty interviewers were confined to narrow, poorly lit booths equipped with outdated technology. Supervisors sat at the centre of the room, silently listening to calls and enforcing strict rules. Any pause between calls (22) ______, and interaction between colleagues was strictly forbidden. Even personal needs, such as visiting the toilet, required formal permission. As a result, time seemed to slow down dramatically, particularly during the long hours before scheduled breaks, creating a constant sense of fatigue and frustration.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Although I left university with a solid academic record, the transition into the professional world proved far more challenging than I had anticipated. (18) ______. Eventually, I realised that idealism was a luxury I could no longer afford. Faced with the prospect of serious economic hardship, (19) ______: a position as a market research telephone interviewer. What I assumed would be a temporary solution soon became a prolonged and emotionally demanding experience. The company's expectations became clear even before my first official day of work. I was required to complete three full days of training without receiving any payment, a condition I found questionable but reluctantly accepted. I justified this decision by focusing on the relatively high hourly wage and (20) ______. Nevertheless, the training itself offered little meaningful preparation. In retrospect, it served less as professional development and more as an introduction to a culture (21) ______. The working environment was highly restrictive and closely monitored. Approximately twenty interviewers were confined to narrow, poorly lit booths equipped with outdated technology. Supervisors sat at the centre of the room, silently listening to calls and enforcing strict rules. Any pause between calls (22) ______, and interaction between colleagues was strictly forbidden. Even personal needs, such as visiting the toilet, required formal permission. As a result, time seemed to slow down dramatically, particularly during the long hours before scheduled breaks, creating a constant sense of fatigue and frustration.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

The word “rigid” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

Question 23.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as one of young people’s main goals?

Question 24.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

The word “that” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

Question 25.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Question 26.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

Question 27.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

The phrase “vulnerable to” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ______.

Question 28.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

Which paragraph mentions Gen Z taking on extra work outside their main job?

Question 29.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Gen Z is redefining traditional career paths, placing flexibility and stability above conventional notions of promotion and status. Unlike previous generations, many young workers no longer see climbing the corporate ladder as the ultimate goal. Instead, they focus on long-term employability, financial security, and personal growth. Management positions hold little automatic appeal unless accompanied by meaningful compensation or benefits, highlighting how lifestyle, well-being, and work-life balance have become central to career decisions. This approach is often described as the “career lily pad” mindset. Workers move from one role to another, gaining a variety of skills while avoiding putting all their eggs in one basket. Sectors such as healthcare, hospitality, and skilled trades are particularly attractive because they are less vulnerable to automation and rapid technological change. By carefully navigating opportunities, Gen Z employees balance risk and reward, building diverse experience while protecting their future prospects. Side projects and parallel ventures are an important component of this strategy. Many young professionals use side hustles as stepping stones, acquiring skills and additional income while avoiding rigid, linear career paths. This flexibility allows them to pivot quickly when a role does not align with their values or goals. Far from being disengaged, Gen Z employees carefully choose where to invest their effort. They dedicate themselves to work aligned with their values and leave positions that fail to meet their expectations. For employers, adapting to these preferences is essential. Mentorship, authentic leadership, and opportunities for development are valued far above flashy perks or high-status titles. Organisations that provide meaningful growth, flexibility, and financial independence are better positioned to attract and retain this generation. By understanding Gen Z’s approach, companies can create environments where young workers thrive, demonstrating that ambition today is less about climbing ladders and more about building sustainable, adaptable careers.

Which paragraph explains why leadership roles are less attractive to Gen Z?

Question 30.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Question 31.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

The word fleeting in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

Question 32.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? “In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads.”

Question 33.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

Where does the following sentence best fit? “This contrast marks a fundamental break from the climatic patterns of the past.”

Question 34.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

The word prime paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.

Question 35.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

What can be inferred from the passage?

Question 36.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

Question 37.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

What does the author imply by calling the Sun “a convenient distraction”?

Question 38.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

According to paragraph 1, natural climate fluctuations were characterised by ______.

Question 39.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. Earth’s climate has never been a static backdrop to human history; rather, it has oscillated continuously under the influence of forces both celestial and terrestrial. Long before industrial smokestacks pierced the skyline, temperatures rose and fell in measured cycles, paced largely by variations in Earth’s orbit and axial tilt. [I] These subtle astronomical shifts, unfolding over tens of thousands of years, regulated the advance and retreat of ice sheets and governed the rhythm of glacial and interglacial periods. Crucially, even at their most extreme, such natural fluctuations remained confined within relatively narrow thermal boundaries. In popular discourse, the Sun is frequently portrayed as the prime suspect behind contemporary warming. Yet this narrative collapses under scrutiny. Satellite measurements spanning several decades reveal that solar output follows predictable cycles without exhibiting a sustained upward trend. Meanwhile, global average temperatures continue their steady ascent. The implication is difficult to ignore: although solar energy establishes the baseline conditions for life on Earth, it cannot account for the rapid and persistent warming observed in the modern era. [II] The Sun, it seems, has become a convenient distraction rather than a credible explanation. Equally influential is the planet's surface itself, which determines how incoming energy is absorbed or reflected. Ice and snow, with their high reflectivity, deflect a significant portion of sunlight back into space. As these surfaces diminish, darker land and ocean areas absorb more heat, intensifying warming through a self-reinforcing feedback loop. Volcanic eruptions occasionally interrupt this process by injecting aerosols into the atmosphere, temporarily dimming sunlight and cooling the planet. However, such episodes are fleeting, their climatic fingerprints fading within a few years. [III] They are interruptions, not drivers, of long-term change. Carbon dioxide occupies a more complex position in Earth’s climatic history. Ice core records show that its concentration has risen and fallen in tandem with temperature, often amplifying changes initiated by orbital shifts. In the past, carbon responded; today, it leads. Human activities—chiefly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation—have propelled atmospheric carbon dioxide levels far beyond their natural range, and at a pace unmatched in geological records. [IV] This abrupt forcing has tilted the climate system away from its historical equilibrium, underscoring a critical distinction: while climate change itself is ancient, the current trajectory is both anomalous and overwhelmingly anthropogenic.

According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about volcanic eruptions is NOT TRUE?

Question 40.