Làm thử Khảo sát thi tốt nghiệp THPT lần 2 năm 2026 · Tiếng Anh · Sở GD&ĐT Hải Phòng · Mã đề 1101

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Girls are once again falling behind in mathematics, widening a gender gap that had previously been declining. This trend is evident across many education systems, where boys increasingly outperform girls, especially by the end of primary school. (1) _____, they are more likely to be among lower performers and less likely to reach top achievement levels in mathematics.

The resulting disparity, stemming from gender stereotypes and insufficient support, (2) _____. Such influences, shaped by teacher expectations and learning experiences rather than innate ability, often lead girls to show lower confidence in mathematics compared to their male peers.

As a result, rather than moving forward with confidence, (3) _____. The reduced self-belief directly affects their engagement in mathematical activities. Consequently, they often shy away from challenging tasks (4) _____. Over time, the loss of confidence weakens both technical skills and future ambitions, with achievement gaps becoming increasingly apparent.

Since mathematics is essential for learning and key to accessing STEM careers where women make up only 36% of graduates, the existing divide has serious long-term implications. (5) _____. Specifically, education systems must prioritize gender-transformative pedagogy in teacher training to address emerging underachievement from the earliest years. By tracking progress through disaggregated data and tackling community stereotypes, we can create a lasting environment where girls truly thrive.

(Adapted from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Girls are once again falling behind in mathematics, widening a gender gap that had previously been declining. This trend is evident across many education systems, where boys increasingly outperform girls, especially by the end of primary school. (1) _____, they are more likely to be among lower performers and less likely to reach top achievement levels in mathematics.

The resulting disparity, stemming from gender stereotypes and insufficient support, (2) _____. Such influences, shaped by teacher expectations and learning experiences rather than innate ability, often lead girls to show lower confidence in mathematics compared to their male peers.

As a result, rather than moving forward with confidence, (3) _____. The reduced self-belief directly affects their engagement in mathematical activities. Consequently, they often shy away from challenging tasks (4) _____. Over time, the loss of confidence weakens both technical skills and future ambitions, with achievement gaps becoming increasingly apparent.

Since mathematics is essential for learning and key to accessing STEM careers where women make up only 36% of graduates, the existing divide has serious long-term implications. (5) _____. Specifically, education systems must prioritize gender-transformative pedagogy in teacher training to address emerging underachievement from the earliest years. By tracking progress through disaggregated data and tackling community stereotypes, we can create a lasting environment where girls truly thrive.

(Adapted from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Girls are once again falling behind in mathematics, widening a gender gap that had previously been declining. This trend is evident across many education systems, where boys increasingly outperform girls, especially by the end of primary school. (1) _____, they are more likely to be among lower performers and less likely to reach top achievement levels in mathematics.

The resulting disparity, stemming from gender stereotypes and insufficient support, (2) _____. Such influences, shaped by teacher expectations and learning experiences rather than innate ability, often lead girls to show lower confidence in mathematics compared to their male peers.

As a result, rather than moving forward with confidence, (3) _____. The reduced self-belief directly affects their engagement in mathematical activities. Consequently, they often shy away from challenging tasks (4) _____. Over time, the loss of confidence weakens both technical skills and future ambitions, with achievement gaps becoming increasingly apparent.

Since mathematics is essential for learning and key to accessing STEM careers where women make up only 36% of graduates, the existing divide has serious long-term implications. (5) _____. Specifically, education systems must prioritize gender-transformative pedagogy in teacher training to address emerging underachievement from the earliest years. By tracking progress through disaggregated data and tackling community stereotypes, we can create a lasting environment where girls truly thrive.

(Adapted from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Girls are once again falling behind in mathematics, widening a gender gap that had previously been declining. This trend is evident across many education systems, where boys increasingly outperform girls, especially by the end of primary school. (1) _____, they are more likely to be among lower performers and less likely to reach top achievement levels in mathematics.

The resulting disparity, stemming from gender stereotypes and insufficient support, (2) _____. Such influences, shaped by teacher expectations and learning experiences rather than innate ability, often lead girls to show lower confidence in mathematics compared to their male peers.

As a result, rather than moving forward with confidence, (3) _____. The reduced self-belief directly affects their engagement in mathematical activities. Consequently, they often shy away from challenging tasks (4) _____. Over time, the loss of confidence weakens both technical skills and future ambitions, with achievement gaps becoming increasingly apparent.

Since mathematics is essential for learning and key to accessing STEM careers where women make up only 36% of graduates, the existing divide has serious long-term implications. (5) _____. Specifically, education systems must prioritize gender-transformative pedagogy in teacher training to address emerging underachievement from the earliest years. By tracking progress through disaggregated data and tackling community stereotypes, we can create a lasting environment where girls truly thrive.

(Adapted from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Girls are once again falling behind in mathematics, widening a gender gap that had previously been declining. This trend is evident across many education systems, where boys increasingly outperform girls, especially by the end of primary school. (1) _____, they are more likely to be among lower performers and less likely to reach top achievement levels in mathematics.

The resulting disparity, stemming from gender stereotypes and insufficient support, (2) _____. Such influences, shaped by teacher expectations and learning experiences rather than innate ability, often lead girls to show lower confidence in mathematics compared to their male peers.

As a result, rather than moving forward with confidence, (3) _____. The reduced self-belief directly affects their engagement in mathematical activities. Consequently, they often shy away from challenging tasks (4) _____. Over time, the loss of confidence weakens both technical skills and future ambitions, with achievement gaps becoming increasingly apparent.

Since mathematics is essential for learning and key to accessing STEM careers where women make up only 36% of graduates, the existing divide has serious long-term implications. (5) _____. Specifically, education systems must prioritize gender-transformative pedagogy in teacher training to address emerging underachievement from the earliest years. By tracking progress through disaggregated data and tackling community stereotypes, we can create a lasting environment where girls truly thrive.

(Adapted from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

FABRIC SHAVER - LINT REMOVER RECHARGEABLE

Tired of pills (6) _____ your sweaters, blankets, and more? Discover the Portable Fabric Shaver - compact and portable, perfect to keep your garments looking pristine.

• Innovative Blades

  Compared to the 4-blade cutter head, this razor with upgraded blades offers (7) _____. It moves smoothly across the fabric surface, causing no unnecessary (8) _____ to your clothes.

• Battery & Speed Monitoring

  You can easily set speed and monitor battery level. Long-lasting battery gives you 5 hours of (9) _____ use.

• Multi-protection & Easy Clean

  If the grid becomes loose, the safety switch will promptly (10) _____ the device to protect your hand. The lint collection container is easy to (11) _____ and keep clean. Get yours today – and say goodbye to pilling forever!

(Adapted from https://www.amazon.com)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 19.

How Modern Parenting Created a Generation of Picky Eaters

In 1915, when a Maine mother asked the U.S. Children's Bureau why her son rejected certain foods, officials dismissed the idea of "preference", suggesting a medical cause instead. At the time, voluntary food rejection was virtually unheard of; children were expected to eat whatever was served with enthusiasm. Picky eating, as a recognized behavioral trait, simply did not exist in the American cultural landscape.

Today, however, American children are often labeled the "pickiest in history". In her recent research, historian Helen Zoe Veit argues that a century of shifting adult attitudes has fundamentally reshaped childhood. She contends that modern parenting has inadvertently normalized selective eating. Before the 20th century, there was no "children's food"; youngsters shared adult meals and developed robust appetites, partly because snacking was nonexistent.

The mid-20th century brought pivotal changes in child psychology and autonomy. Influential parenting guides, such as those by Dr. Benjamin Spock, began encouraging parents to grant children more control over their diets. This was bolstered by studies suggesting that, left to their own devices, children could naturally regulate their nutritional needs. Meanwhile, the rise of Freudian theory warned that pressuring children to eat could cause lasting psychological trauma, further softening parental authority at the dinner table.

Simultaneously, the explosion of processed foods and aggressive marketing transformed family dynamics. By the 1960s, supermarkets offered unprecedented variety, and advertisers began targeting impressionable children directly, granting them immense influence over household purchases. Veit criticizes this modern exceptionalism, noting that while parents enforce hygiene and safety, they often treat nutrition as negotiable. She advocates for consistent family meals and repeated exposure to new foods, viewing picky eating as a misguided outcome of otherwise good intentions.

(Adapted from https://www.economist.com/culture)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.

ANNOUNCEMENT: VOICE SCAM CALLS ARE GETTING SMARTER

Issued by Staffordshire Consumer Protection Agency

Local consumer agencies report a sharp rise in voice scam calls. These calls may sound professional and (20) _____, yet their goal is simple: to make you act before you think.

(21) _____ traditional scams that rely on obvious threats, these calls use polite scripts, often containing a request to "confirm" personal details. Messages posing as official updates among (22) _____ tricks may lead you to fake websites. When the caller pressures you to decide immediately, remember to buy some (23) _____ instead of rushing. You should also avoid sharing codes, even (24) _____ someone claiming to be helping you.

If something feels wrong, hang up immediately, then file (25) _____ report with your network provider, who will help investigate the scam. Don't easily fall for such calls! Stay safe and stay alert!

(Adapted from https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Question 34. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

This finding highlights how relatively small, well-targeted efforts can produce disproportionately large environmental gains.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.

New research suggests that the most effective way to fight climate change and protect wildlife is by using the "human footprint" to identify priority areas for nature restoration. Rather than spreading resources too thin, the method prioritises restoration zones with the highest environmental return relative to cost. (I) According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), human activity has already altered more than half of the Earth's land. By leveraging this data-driven approach, governments and organizations can use their limited budgets more efficiently and achieve better long-term outcomes.

The potential impact of such targeted action is enormous. A study published in the journal Nature reveals that restoring just 15% of land converted by humans could prevent 60% of expected species extinctions. It could also capture 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, equal to about 30% of the total increase since the Industrial Revolution. (II) Expanding restoration to 30% of degraded land would further protect over 70% of threatened mammals, birds, and amphibians while increasing carbon absorption. Many of these high-priority areas are found in tropical regions and developing countries across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

To identify these locations, scientists analysed 2.87 billion hectares of farmland, balancing three key objectives: preserving habitats, storing carbon, and maintaining agricultural productivity. Their findings show that different ecosystems offer distinct advantages. Restoring forests and wetlands provides the greatest combined gains for both climate protection and biodiversity, whereas restoring grasslands and arid regions is generally more cost-effective. (III) The researchers also stress that coordinating restoration across multiple ecosystem types, rather than focusing on just one, will produce the greatest overall impact.

Despite these promising findings, several challenges remain. Restoration efforts should not come at the expense of food production, especially as the global population continues to grow. In addition, international cooperation is essential to share costs and implement effective programmes. Financial incentives for landowners, such as "payment for ecosystem services", can encourage participation, but they depend on clear and consistent policies. (IV) Experts also emphasise that ecosystems must be treated as complex, real-world environments, meaning that successful restoration relies not only on scientific planning but also on local knowledge and practical conditions.

(Adapted from https://www.scidev.net/global/news)

Question 35. Which of the following best summarises the text?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 36.

a. While AI has improved organizational efficiency and streamlined many routine processes, it also raises concerns about job displacement, especially among low-skilled workers in vulnerable sectors.

b. To adapt to these changes, workers must develop new competencies such as critical thinking, digital literacy, and the ability to work with emerging technologies.

c. In addition, governments and organizations need policies that support innovation while also protecting workers and ensuring long-term employment stability.

d. At the same time, AI has also created new opportunities by increasing demand for advanced technical skills and contributing to the emergence of entirely new professions.

e. Rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are reshaping employment patterns across industries worldwide, affecting both the nature and distribution of jobs.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 37.

a. Man: That sounds perfect. I'll take this one along with a spare memory card.

b. Man: Excuse me, I'm looking for a professional camera for landscape photography.

c. Man: It looks great, but does it have a long-life battery for outdoor trips?

d. Sales assistant: Yes, it's designed for durability and will easily last a full day of shooting.

e. Sales assistant: Certainly! I recommend this mirrorless model; it's very lightweight and has excellent resolution.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 38.

a. This phenomenon involves the use of online tools to ridicule and intimidate others, often resulting in significant emotional distress.

b. Ultimately, such collective efforts could help reduce cyberbullying and create a safer digital environment for all users.

c. It is essential for educational institutions and families to raise awareness of appropriate online conduct as well as the importance of empathy in communication.

d. The prevalence of cyberbullying has increased alongside the expansion of social networking platforms and digital communication channels.

e. Those affected frequently experience a sense of isolation and psychological pressure, which may in turn impact both their well-being and learning outcomes.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 39.

a. Laura: Yes, I will, but I might be a little late after school.

b. Ann: Hi, are you coming to the study group at the library this afternoon?

c. Ann: Great, I will save you a seat near the window so you can see clearly. See you there.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 40.

Dear Mr Adam Smith,

a. I would be grateful if you could outline the programme's duration, tuition fees, admission criteria for overseas applicants, and required enrolment documents.

b. Could you please clarify whether the programme leads to a recognised qualification, includes practical placements, or provides career support upon completion?

c. I am writing to enquire about your vocational training programme in hospitality management advertised on LinkedIn last week.

d. I would also appreciate further details on the timetable, venue, and remote learning options.

e. Thank you in advance for your assistance. I look forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Tony Blair