Làm thử Khảo sát chất lượng học sinh lớp 12 THPT đợt 2 · Tiếng Anh · Sở GD&ĐT Phú Thọ · Năm học 2025-2026

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

For much of the 20th century, AI struggled not from a lack of ambition, but because available hardware wasn't powerful enough. Early systems hit limits on processing speed and memory, contributing to "AI winters" as progress stalled and funding dried up. Today, this problem is largely resolved. AI models are now trained on specialized chips in vast data centers. Compute, which used to be the main bottleneck, can now simply be purchased. Companies like Nvidia mass-produce powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) — originally designed for gaming but perfectly suited to AI calculations. What holds AI back now? The physical limit of electricity.

Modern AI models don't just train once; they operate continuously, powering chatbots, search engines, and autonomous agents. This shift has made AI a constant, large-scale electricity consumer. According to Sampsa Samila of IESE Business School, "the core issue is not a shortage of energy in absolute terms, but rather the availability of reliable, firm capacity at the right place and the right time".

Predictions for AI energy consumption show this strain. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects data centers will consume more than twice as much electricity by the decade's end. In parts of the U.S., data center power usage already rivals heavy industry.

How AI is used matters as much as how it is trained. Training large models consumes immense power but occurs infrequently. What is growing faster is the everyday work of models responding to users. Samila notes that newer "reasoning" AI systems, which deliberate longer, push energy demands into everyday operations rather than occasional large training runs.

(Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com)

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Question 17: Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Yet the more consequential divide is not technological but psychological.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 9 to 18.

The so-called generation gap has arguably never been wider, yet it has never been more misunderstood. [I] Picture a family dinner at which a grandparent laments that young people are glued to screens, while a grandchild concludes the elder is irrelevant. Both retreat into their own certainties, leaving their misalignment of values, priorities, and lived experiences entirely unexamined. Commentators habitually frame this estrangement as a consequence of technological acceleration: older generations struggle to master tools that younger ones absorb instinctively, and each side interprets the other's unfamiliarity as evidence of deeper inadequacy.

Social media has transformed what was once a private tension into an intractable cultural spectacle. Viral videos pit young professionals against exasperated older voices, harvesting engagement through generational grievance. Older adults are mocked as technologically incompetent and emotionally rigid; younger generations are dismissed as entitled and incapable of sustained effort. [II] Media features and corporate reports amplify these caricatures into boardrooms, classrooms, and policy chambers, where consequential decisions about employment, education, and social provision are made.

The term 'generation gap' entered popular discourse in the 1960s, but the practice of treating generational difference as fixed, oppositional, and insurmountable has intensified in recent decades. Employers who dismiss younger workers as entitled simultaneously overlook their own rigidity in the face of change. [III] Researchers have documented how the burden of proof is disproportionately assigned to the young: it is consistently they who must adapt their communication styles, suppress their expectations, and perform gratitude for opportunities previous generations received without question. Performance review culture illustrates this imbalance most vividly, as assessments of 'professionalism' routinely encode the preferences of whoever holds the senior position.

Why does this matter beyond interpersonal friction? Surface-level interventions — reverse-mentoring programmes and generational awareness workshops — are adopted by HR departments eager to signal modernity while leaving underlying power hierarchies untouched. [IV] Expecting harmony between generations without fostering conditions for genuine mutual listening resembles asking two musicians to perform in unison when neither has agreed to hear the other's melody. Collaborative possibilities remain squandered, not because the divide is unbridgeable, but because addressing it seriously would require organisations to redistribute power rather than merely rebrand it.

Bridging the generation gap authentically — through enforceable equity, transparent dialogue, and a genuine willingness to revise inherited assumptions — is indispensable if workplaces and families are to harness the full range of human experience across age.

Question 18: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 24.

Urban gardening has become a powerful movement for city dwellers seeking a deeper connection (19) ______ nature. Growing food in small spaces — whether on rooftops, balconies, or community plots — brings both environmental and mental health benefits. (20) ______ it empowers residents to take meaningful control over what they consume, reducing dependence on long supply chains.

Our neighborhood initiative has recently launched a series of (21) ______ to help beginners get started. Volunteers provide tools, seeds, and hands-on training every Saturday morning. (22) ______ participant who completes the four-week programme will receive a certificate of achievement.

Consistent effort is essential if you wish to (23) ______ a thriving garden over the long term. While the initial setup can feel overwhelming, many growers report that the (24) ______ obstacles of the first season quickly give way to confidence and creativity.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 30.

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025

Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week 2025 has attracted a record (25) ______ of participating communities, making it the grandest edition in the event's history. Organizers expect it to be the most remarkable cultural (26) ______ the nation has ever seen.

The event's organizing committee, (27) ______ by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, has prepared an exciting lineup of activities, including folk music concerts, traditional craft exhibitions, and culinary showcases. Indigenous artisans are among the (28) ______ contributors to this year's programme, offering visitors a rare glimpse into centuries-old traditions.

Spanning from October 15th to October 22nd, the festival features over two hundred performances, (29) ______ are expected to attract both domestic and international audiences.

Over the past decade, Vietnam's Cultural Diversity Week has helped the country (30) ______ its role as a guardian of Southeast Asia's rich multicultural heritage.

(Adapted from https://www.vietnamculture.vn)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31) ______. Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32) ______, is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33) ______ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34) ______. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35) ______. Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31) ______. Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32) ______, is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33) ______ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34) ______. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35) ______. Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31) ______. Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32) ______, is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33) ______ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34) ______. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35) ______. Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31) ______. Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32) ______, is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33) ______ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34) ______. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35) ______. Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

(31) ______. Across both wealthy and developing nations, the growing gap between those who possess digital skills and those who do not, (32) ______, is reshaping access to employment, education, and civic participation in profound ways. This unequal distribution of technological competence has led policymakers to question whether existing education systems are adequately equipping all members of society to thrive in an increasingly automated world.

The consequences of this divide, however, extend well beyond individual career prospects. Large segments of the population, particularly low-income households and communities in remote areas, (33) ______ rather than being empowered to participate meaningfully in the digital economy. Such structural and financial barriers often prevent these individuals from developing even the most basic digital competencies needed for everyday life. (34) ______. This growing disadvantage not only widens pre-existing socioeconomic gaps but also threatens the cohesion of communities that risk being left permanently behind. Bridging this divide demands sustained public investment in digital infrastructure, affordable access to devices and connectivity, and (35) ______. Without a coordinated effort across government, industry, and civil society, the digital revolution risks deepening inequality rather than alleviating it.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 36:

a. Mary: That's fine! Enjoy your walk and your workout then.

b. Mary: It's starting to rain. Do you want me to drive you to the train station?

c. Tom: Thanks for the offer, but I have an umbrella and I'd prefer to walk to the gym first.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 37:

a. Jack: Uh, once you get used to making plans, you can balance everything without stress.

b. Jose: You handle schoolwork well even with all your clubs; what's your secret to being organized?

c. Jack: I plan my week every Sunday and write down my assignments.

d. Jose: That's smart! I often forget what to do because I have many tasks.

e. Jose: I should start doing that! It sounds like a great way to avoid stress.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 38:

a. I dedicated a lot of time to organizing my presentation materials, hoping to make a strong impression on the committee.

b. The situation, however, turned out to be quite different when I met with unexpected technical difficulties during my speech.

c. This challenging experience was truly a great lesson that helped me build more resilience in my professional life.

d. Accepting a position as a project coordinator at a leading firm motivated me to develop my leadership skills further.

e. Rather than losing my confidence, I remained calm and adapted my approach to complete the task successfully.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 39:

Dear Valued Customer,

a. If you do not update your information, it may lead to temporary limits on using your online banking services.

b. To keep your access working, please update your contact information, especially your mobile number, in the 'Profile' section before October 15th.

c. We are writing to tell you about an important security improvement to our online banking system, starting next month.

d. We thank you for your help in keeping the highest level of security for your money transactions.

e. This new part will add two-factor authentication for all logins, greatly increasing the protection of your accounts.

Yours sincerely,

The Customer Security Team

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 36 to 40.

Question 40:

a. These wide-ranging developments illustrate a profound transformation of the district, turning it from a declining industrial zone into a prestigious and socially integrated urban core.

b. This transition was further supported by the ecological restoration of the nearby waterfront, marked by the introduction of long-lasting green corridors and recreational facilities.

c. Historically forgotten sectors were greatly renovated, involving the large-scale demolition of old buildings for luxury high-rise apartments.

d. Concurrently, a significant expansion of the service sector emerged, most notably through the development of high-tech innovation hubs and large retail complexes on former industrial sites.

e. Throughout the early 21st century, the outskirts of Aethelgard underwent a major transformation, signaling a shift toward thorough modernization and renewed economic expansion.